Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants, overall and stratified by Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index score quartiles
Variable | Overall N = 4,515 | Q1 (< 78.92) N = 1,243 | Q2(78.92–84.88) N = 1,092 | Q3(84.88–90.84) N = 1,109 | Q4(> 90.84) N = 1,071 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, n (%) | 0.012 | |||||
F | 1,956 (43.32) | 578 (46.50) | 484 (44.32) | 446 (40.22) | 448 (41.83) | |
M | 2,559 (56.68) | 665 (53.50) | 608 (55.68) | 663 (59.78) | 623 (58.17) | |
Race, n (%) | 0.123 | |||||
ASIAN | 109 (2.41) | 34 (2.74) | 30 (2.75) | 26 (2.34) | 19 (1.77) | |
BLACK | 332 (7.35) | 100 (8.05) | 85 (7.78) | 75 (6.76) | 72 (6.72) | |
OTHER | 1,108 (24.54) | 311 (25.02) | 263 (24.08) | 243 (21.91) | 291 (27.17) | |
WHITE | 2,966 (65.69) | 798 (64.20) | 714 (65.38) | 765 (68.98) | 689 (64.33) | |
Age, Median (Q1, Q3) | 76.00 (70.00, 83.00) | 76.00 (70.00, 83.00) | 76.00 (71.00, 84.00) | 76.00 (71.00, 83.00) | 75.00 (70.00, 81.00) | 0.012 |
BMI, Median (Q1, Q3) | 27.78 (24.14, 32.50) | 26.46 (22.41, 31.13) | 28.07 (24.07, 32.68) | 28.36 (24.80, 33.30) | 28.44 (25.10, 32.94) | < 0.001 |
Diagnoses, comorbidities and treatments, n (%) | ||||||
Diabetes | 1,572 (34.82) | 381 (30.65) | 396 (36.26) | 417 (37.60) | 378 (35.29) | 0.002 |
COPD | 579 (12.82) | 173 (13.92) | 132 (12.09) | 159 (14.34) | 115 (10.74) | 0.040 |
Hypertension | 1,943 (43.03) | 528 (42.48) | 459 (42.03) | 456 (41.12) | 500 (46.69) | 0.044 |
Stroke | 484 (10.72) | 101 (8.13) | 122 (11.17) | 120 (10.82) | 141 (13.17) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease, | 1,242 (27.51) | 315 (25.34) | 323 (29.58) | 329 (29.67) | 275 (25.68) | 0.022 |
CRRT | 591 (13.09) | 188 (15.12) | 143 (13.10) | 132 (11.90) | 128 (11.95) | 0.068 |
Ventilation | 3,220 (71.32) | 889 (71.52) | 794 (72.71) | 785 (70.78) | 752 (70.21) | 0.604 |
Vasopressors | 2,070 (45.85) | 720 (57.92) | 528 (48.35) | 456 (41.12) | 366 (34.17) | < 0.001 |
Nephrotoxic drugs | 3,799 (84.14) | 1,030 (82.86) | 927 (84.89) | 944 (85.12) | 898 (83.85) | 0.416 |
Vital signs | ||||||
Hr(bpm), Median (Q1, Q3) | 122.00 (106.00, 140.00) | 127.00 (112.00, 143.00) | 125.00 (108.00, 143.00) | 118.00 (102.00, 136.00) | 118.00 (103.00, 137.00) | < 0.001 |
Nbps(mmHg), Median (Q1, Q3) | 157.00 (141.00, 174.00) | 156.00 (140.00, 172.00) | 158.00 (143.00, 175.00) | 157.00 (141.00, 175.00) | 157.00 (140.00, 175.00) | 0.015 |
Nbpd(mmHg), Median (Q1, Q3) | 99.00 (85.00, 115.00) | 99.00 (84.00, 114.00) | 99.50 (86.00, 115.00) | 98.00 (84.00, 115.00) | 99.00 (85.00, 115.00) | 0.221 |
Nbpm(mmHg), Median (Q1, Q3) | 111.00 (97.00, 126.00) | 109.00 (96.00, 126.00) | 112.00 (98.00, 127.50) | 110.00 (96.00, 126.00) | 111.00 (97.00, 127.00) | 0.271 |
RR(insp/min), Median (Q1, Q3) | 34.00 (30.00, 40.00) | 35.00 (31.00, 41.00) | 35.00 (30.00, 40.00) | 34.00 (29.00, 39.00) | 33.00 (29.00, 39.00) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
Creatinine(mg/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.90) | 1.30 (0.90, 2.10) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.90) | 1.20 (0.90, 1.90) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.70) | 0.009 |
Hemoglobin(g/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.30 (8.80, 12.00) | 9.80 (8.50, 11.30) | 10.20 (8.70, 11.65) | 10.40 (9.00, 12.00) | 11.10 (9.40, 12.70) | < 0.001 |
WBC(10^9/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 12.10 (8.50, 17.00) | 13.20 (8.70, 18.80) | 12.10 (8.65, 17.30) | 12.10 (8.70, 16.80) | 11.20 (8.20, 15.00) | < 0.001 |
Platelets(10^9/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 184.00 (129.00, 254.00) | 194.00 (127.00, 283.00) | 181.50 (124.00, 250.00) | 177.00 (127.00, 241.00) | 183.00 (136.00, 241.00) | 0.001 |
Lymphocytes(10^9/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 10.48 (5.50, 11.00) | 8.00 (4.10, 10.48) | 10.10 (5.20, 11.00) | 10.48 (6.20, 11.10) | 10.48 (7.00, 12.90) | < 0.001 |
Urea nitrogen(mg/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 26.00 (17.00, 43.00) | 30.00 (19.00, 49.00) | 27.50 (18.00, 43.00) | 25.00 (17.00, 42.00) | 23.00 (16.00, 35.00) | < 0.001 |
Albumin(g/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (2.50, 3.30) | 2.30 (2.00, 2.50) | 2.80 (2.70, 2.90) | 3.10 (3.00, 3.30) | 3.60 (3.50, 3.90) | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate(mEq/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 22.00 (19.00, 25.00) | 21.00 (18.00, 24.00) | 22.00 (19.00, 24.00) | 22.00 (19.00, 25.00) | 23.00 (20.00, 25.00) | < 0.001 |
Glucose(mg/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 139.00 (111.00, 181.00) | 138.00 (106.00, 183.00) | 142.50 (114.00, 185.00) | 139.00 (113.00, 182.00) | 137.00 (111.00, 174.00) | 0.037 |
Chloride(mEq/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 104.00 (100.00, 109.00) | 105.00 (101.00, 110.00) | 105.00 (100.00, 109.00) | 104.00 (100.00, 108.00) | 104.00 (100.00, 107.00) | < 0.001 |
Sodium(mEq/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 139.00 (136.00, 142.00) | 139.00 (135.00, 142.00) | 139.00 (135.00, 142.00) | 139.00 (136.00, 141.00) | 139.00 (136.00, 141.00) | 0.867 |
ALT(U/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 29.00 (16.00, 86.00) | 31.00 (16.00, 101.00) | 31.00 (16.00, 91.50) | 28.00 (16.00, 79.00) | 26.00 (16.00, 68.00) | 0.042 |
AST(U/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 45.00 (26.00, 125.00) | 48.00 (25.00, 145.00) | 46.00 (25.00, 123.00) | 43.00 (26.00, 125.00) | 42.00 (26.00, 105.00) | 0.560 |
TBil(mg/dL), Median (Q1, Q3) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.39) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.39) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.39) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.39) | 0.70 (0.50, 1.39) | 0.636 |
Potassium(mEq/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 4.20 (3.80, 4.70) | 4.20 (3.70, 4.80) | 4.20 (3.80, 4.70) | 4.20 (3.80, 4.70) | 4.20 (3.80, 4.70) | 0.646 |
Lactate(mmol/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 2.00 (1.30, 2.90) | 2.10 (1.40, 3.10) | 1.90 (1.30, 3.00) | 2.00 (1.30, 2.80) | 1.90 (1.30, 2.60) | 0.002 |
Anion gap(mEq/L), Median (Q1, Q3) | 15.00 (12.00, 18.00) | 14.00 (12.00, 18.00) | 14.00 (12.00, 17.00) | 15.00 (12.00, 18.00) | 15.00 (12.00, 17.00) | 0.100 |
Score | ||||||
SOFA, Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) | < 0.001 |
APSIII, Median (Q1, Q3) | 53.00 (40.00, 69.00) | 62.00 (49.00, 79.00) | 55.00 (43.00, 70.00) | 50.00 (38.00, 65.00) | 45.00 (34.00, 60.00) | < 0.001 |
SAPSII, Median (Q1, Q3) | 46.00 (38.00, 56.00) | 50.00 (42.00, 61.00) | 47.00 (39.00, 56.00) | 44.00 (37.00, 53.00) | 41.00 (35.00, 51.00) | < 0.001 |
OASIS, Median (Q1, Q3) | 38.00 (32.00, 44.00) | 40.00 (34.00, 46.00) | 38.00 (33.00, 44.00) | 37.00 (31.00, 42.00) | 35.00 (30.00, 41.00) | < 0.001 |
GCS, Median (Q1, Q3) | 15.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (14.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 0.553 |
Charlson, Median (Q1, Q3) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 6.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 0.012 |