Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Variables | Total (n = 1083) | Training set (n = 618) | Internal validation set(n = 265) | External validation set(n = 200) | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, n(%) | 0.700 | ||||
Female | 412 (38.0%) | 240 (38.8%) | 240 (38.8%) | 71 (35.5%) | |
Male | 671 (62.0%) | 378 (61.2%) | 378 (61.2%) | 129 (64.5%) | |
Age, years, median[IQR] | 65.0 [54.5;74.0] | 65.0 [54.0;75.0] | 65.0 [54.0;75.0] | 66.0 [56.0;75.0] | 0.716 |
Weight, kg, median[IQR] | 88.4 [73.2;104] | 88.8 [73.6;104] | 88.8 [73.6;104] | 90.0 [74.8;108] | 0.219 |
Height, cm, median[IQR] | 170 [161;178] | 170 [162;178] | 170 [162;178] | 170 [162;178] | 0.767 |
Sepsis, n(%) | 0.456 | ||||
No | 84 (7.76%) | 53 (8.58%) | 53 (8.58%) | 12 (6.00%) | |
Yes | 999 (92.2%) | 565 (91.4%) | 565 (91.4%) | 188 (94.0%) | |
Shock, n(%) | 0.636 | ||||
No | 101 (9.33%) | 57 (9.22%) | 57 (9.22%) | 16 (8.00%) | |
Yes | 982 (90.7%) | 561 (90.8%) | 561 (90.8%) | 184 (92.0%) | |
Hepatic Insufficiency, n(%) | 0.989 | ||||
No | 658 (60.8%) | 375 (60.7%) | 375 (60.7%) | 121 (60.5%) | |
Yes | 425 (39.2%) | 243 (39.3%) | 243 (39.3%) | 79 (39.5%) | |
Mechanical Ventilation, n(%) | 0.66 | ||||
No | 304 (28.1%) | 168 (27.2%) | 168 (27.2%) | 56 (28.0%) | |
Yes | 779 (71.9%) | 450 (72.8%) | 450 (72.8%) | 144 (72.0%) | |
CVVH, n(%) | 0.788 | ||||
No | 1031 (95.2%) | 586 (94.8%) | 586 (94.8%) | 191 (95.5%) | |
Yes | 52 (4.80%) | 32 (5.18%) | 32 (5.18%) | 9 (4.50%) | |
CVVHD, n(%) | 0.843 | ||||
No | 1060 (97.9%) | 606 (98.1%) | 606 (98.1%) | 195 (97.5%) | |
Yes | 23 (2.12%) | 12 (1.94%) | 12 (1.94%) | 5 (2.50%) | |
CVVHDF, n(%) | 0.93 | ||||
No | 75 (6.93%) | 44 (7.12%) | 44 (7.12%) | 14 (7.00%) | |
Yes | 1008 (93.1%) | 574 (92.9%) | 574 (92.9%) | 186 (93.0%) | |
Diabetes, n(%) | 0.591 | ||||
No | 649 (59.9%) | 368 (59.5%) | 368 (59.5%) | 126 (63.0%) | |
Yes | 434 (40.1%) | 250 (40.5%) | 250 (40.5%) | 74 (37.0%) | |
Aki, n(%) | 0.516 | ||||
No | 157 (14.5%) | 83 (13.4%) | 83 (13.4%) | 32 (16.0%) | |
Yes | 926 (85.5%) | 535 (86.6%) | 535 (86.6%) | 168 (84.0%) | |
Crrt_parameter, ml/h, median[IQR] | |||||
Blood_flow | 120.00 [120.00;150.00] | 120.00 [120.00;150.00] | 120.00 [120.00;150.00] | 120.00 [120.00;150.00] | 0.561 |
Citrate | 180.00 [180.00;200.00] | 180.00 [180.00;200.00] | 180.00 [180.00;200.00] | 180.00 [180.00;200.00] | 0.787 |
Dialysate Rate | 700 [500;1000] | 700 [500;1000] | 700 [500;1000] | 800 [500;1000] | 0.627 |
Postfilter Replacement Rate | 200 [200;200] | 200 [200;200] | 200 [200;200] | 200 [200;200] | 0.382 |
Prefilter Replacement Rate | 1500 [1200;1800] | 1600 [1200;1800] | 1600 [1200;1800] | 1500 [1200;1800] | 0.228 |
Replacement Rate | 1600 [1400;2000] | 1700 [1400;2000] | 1700 [1400;2000] | 1650 [1400;2000] | 0.349 |
Vital_signs, median[IQR] | |||||
Map, mmHg | 70.0 [58.0;84.0] | 70.0 [58.0;83.0] | 70.0 [58.0;83.0] | 69.0 [56.0;82.2] | 0.305 |
HR, bmp | 95.0 [80.5;110] | 95.5 [82.0;112] | 95.5 [82.0;112] | 94.0 [81.8;110] | 0.147 |
Spo2,% | 97.0 [93.0;100] | 97.0 [93.0;100] | 97.0 [93.0;100] | 96.0 [93.0;99.0] | 0.13 |
Laboratory test, median[IQR] | |||||
Wbc, k/ul | 12.7 [8.20;18.7] | 12.6 [8.22;18.5] | 12.6 [8.22;18.5] | 12.8 [8.43;19.8] | 0.921 |
RR, insp/min | 21.0 [16.0;25.0] | 21.0 [16.0;25.0] | 21.0 [16.0;25.0] | 21.0 [16.0;25.2] | 0.634 |
Plt, k/lu | 154 [90.0;235] | 156 [90.2;235] | 156 [90.2;235] | 158 [95.0;250] | 0.244 |
Hgb, mg/dl | 9.50 [8.00;11.3] | 9.50 [8.00;11.3] | 9.50 [8.00;11.3] | 9.50 [8.20;11.1] | 0.979 |
Hct,% | 29.5 [25.0;35.2] | 29.4 [25.1;35.3] | 29.4 [25.1;35.3] | 29.0 [24.8;34.7] | 0.962 |
Albumin, mg/dl | 2.80 [2.30;3.26] | 2.80 [2.30;3.30] | 2.80 [2.30;3.30] | 2.80 [2.40;3.20] | 0.953 |
Calciumtotal, mmol/L | 8.10 [7.60;8.80] | 8.10 [7.60;8.80] | 8.10 [7.60;8.80] | 8.10 [7.70;8.80] | 0.831 |
PH | 7.32 [7.22;7.39] | 7.32 [7.23;7.39] | 7.32 [7.23;7.39] | 7.31 [7.22;7.38] | 0.59 |
Po2,mmHg | 82.0 [50.0;152] | 81.0 [50.0;154] | 81.0 [50.0;154] | 81.5 [49.0;142] | 0.928 |
Co2,mmHg | 40.0 [34.0;48.0] | 40.0 [34.0;48.0] | 40.0 [34.0;48.0] | 41.0 [35.8;49.0] | 0.698 |
Lac, mmol/L | 2.40 [1.50;4.30] | 2.40 [1.50;4.38] | 2.40 [1.50;4.38] | 2.25 [1.50;3.73] | 0.662 |
PT, sec | 17.1 [13.8;23.2] | 17.0 [13.8;23.5] | 17.0 [13.8;23.5] | 16.5 [14.1;21.7] | 0.908 |
APTT, sec | 36.5 [30.2;48.3] | 36.5 [29.6;48.0] | 36.5 [29.6;48.0] | 35.6 [30.3;49.2] | 0.799 |
Anion_Gap, mmol/L | 18.0 [15.0;23.0] | 18.0 [15.0;23.0] | 18.0 [15.0;23.0] | 18.0 [15.0;22.2] | 0.87 |
Tbil, umol/L | 1.00 [0.50;3.45] | 1.10 [0.50;3.38] | 1.10 [0.50;3.38] | 1.00 [0.50;3.10] | 0.971 |
Alt, u/L | 34.0 [17.0;125] | 35.0 [17.0;120] | 35.0 [17.0;120] | 29.5 [17.0;103] | 0.686 |
Ast, u/L | 75.0 [33.0;246] | 74.5 [33.0;241] | 74.5 [33.0;241] | 69.0 [33.8;232] | 0.56 |
Metformin, n(%) | 0.219 | ||||
No | 1077 (99.4%) | 616 (99.7%) | 616 (99.7%) | 199 (99.5%) | |
Yes | 6 (0.55%) | 2 (0.32%) | 2 (0.32%) | 1 (0.50%) | |
Erythromycin, n(%) | 0.744 | ||||
No | 1063 (98.2%) | 607 (98.2%) | 607 (98.2%) | 195 (97.5%) | |
Yes | 20 (1.85%) | 11 (1.78%) | 11 (1.78%) | 5 (2.50%) | |
Vis Score | 14.0 [5.00;27.0] | 13.0 [5.00;27.8] | 13.0 [5.00;27.8] | 14.0 [5.00;26.0] | 0.998 |
Apssiii | 77.0 [63.0;94.0] | 78.0 [64.0;94.0] | 78.0 [64.0;94.0] | 78.0 [63.0;92.2] | 0.137 |
Hosp Day, d,median[IQR] | 19.5 [9.92;33.7] | 19.5 [9.66;33.5] | 19.5 [9.66;33.5] | 21.2 [10.9;34.8] | 0.535 |
Icu Day, d,median[IQR] | 9.59 [5.05;17.3] | 9.51 [4.96;17.0] | 9.51 [4.96;17.0] | 9.94 [5.65;18.0] | 0.685 |
Is Icu Dead, n(%) | 0.832 | ||||
No | 601 (55.5%) | 338 (54.8%) | 338 (54.8%) | 114 (57.0%) | |
Yes | 481 (44.5%) | 279 (45.2%) | 279 (45.2%) | 86 (43.0%) | |
Is Hosp Dead, n(%) | 0.969 | ||||
No | 536 (49.5%) | 304 (49.3%) | 304 (49.3%) | 99 (49.5%) | |
Yes | 546 (50.5%) | 313 (50.7%) | 313 (50.7%) | 101 (50.5%) | |
Death Within Hosp 28days, n(%) | 0.926 | ||||
No | 602 (55.6%) | 344 (55.8%) | 344 (55.8%) | 113 (56.5%) | |
Yes | 480 (44.4%) | 273 (44.2%) | 273 (44.2%) | 87 (43.5%) | |
Death Within Icu 28days, n(%) | 0.705 | ||||
No | 558 (51.6%) | 321 (52.0%) | 321 (52.0%) | 106 (53.0%) | |
Yes | 524 (48.4%) | 296 (48.0%) | 296 (48.0%) | 94 (47.0%) | |
Citrate_accumulation, n(%) | 0.95 | ||||
No | 961 (88.7%) | 550 (89.0%) | 550 (89.0%) | 177 (88.5%) | |
Yes | 122 (11.3%) | 68 (11.0%) | 68 (11.0%) | 23 (11.5%) |